The genetic history of Ice Age Europe
Identifieur interne : 001578 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001577; suivant : 001579The genetic history of Ice Age Europe
Auteurs : Qiaomei Fu [République populaire de Chine, États-Unis, Allemagne] ; Cosimo Posth [Allemagne] ; Mateja Hajdinjak [Allemagne] ; Martin Petr [Allemagne] ; Swapan Mallick [États-Unis] ; Daniel Fernandes [Irlande (pays), Portugal] ; Anja Furtw Ngler [Allemagne] ; Wolfgang Haak [Allemagne, Australie] ; Matthias Meyer [Allemagne] ; Alissa Mittnik [Allemagne] ; Birgit Nickel [Allemagne] ; Alexander Peltzer [Allemagne] ; Nadin Rohland [États-Unis] ; Viviane Slon [Allemagne] ; Sahra Talamo [Allemagne] ; Iosif Lazaridis [États-Unis] ; Mark Lipson [États-Unis] ; Iain Mathieson [États-Unis] ; Stephan Schiffels [Allemagne] ; Pontus Skoglund [États-Unis] ; Anatoly P. Derevianko [Russie] ; Nikolai Drozdov [Russie] ; Vyacheslav Slavinsky [Russie] ; Alexander Tsybankov [Russie] ; Renata Grifoni Cremonesi [Italie] ; Francesco Mallegni [Italie] ; Bernard Gély [France] ; Eligio Vacca [Italie] ; Manuel R. González Morales [Espagne] ; Lawrence G. Straus [Espagne, États-Unis] ; Christine Neugebauer-Maresch [Autriche] ; Maria Teschler-Nicola [Autriche] ; Silviu Constantin [Roumanie] ; Oana Teodora Moldovan [Roumanie] ; Stefano Benazzi [Allemagne, Italie] ; Marco Peresani [Italie] ; Donato Coppola [Italie] ; Martina Lari [Italie] ; Stefano Ricci [Italie] ; Annamaria Ronchitelli [Italie] ; Frédérique Valentin [France] ; Corinne Thevenet [France] ; Kurt Wehrberger [Allemagne] ; Dan Grigorescu [Roumanie] ; Hélène Rougier [États-Unis] ; Isabelle Crevecoeur [France] ; Damien Flas [France] ; Patrick Semal [Belgique] ; Marcello A. Mannino [Allemagne, Danemark] ; Christophe Cupillard [France] ; Hervé Bocherens [Allemagne] ; Nicholas J. Conard [Allemagne] ; Katerina Harvati [Allemagne] ; Vyacheslav Moiseyev [Russie] ; Dorothée G. Drucker [Allemagne] ; Ji Svoboda [République tchèque] ; Michael P. Richards [Allemagne, Canada] ; David Caramelli [Italie] ; Ron Pinhasi [Irlande (pays)] ; Janet Kelso [Allemagne] ; Nick Patterson [États-Unis] ; Johannes Krause [Allemagne] ; Svante P Bo [Allemagne] ; David Reich [États-Unis]Source :
- Nature [ 0028-0836 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ADN (analyse), ADN (génétique), ADN (isolement et purification), Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Animaux, Couche de glace, Dynamique des populations, Effet fondateur, Europe, Facteurs temps, Femelle, Génétique des populations, Histoire ancienne, Humains, Migration humaine (histoire), Moyen Orient, Mâle, Néandertaliens (génétique), Phylogénie, Population d'origine européenne (génétique), Population d'origine européenne (histoire), Sélection génétique, Évolution biologique.
- MESH :
- analyse : ADN.
- génétique : ADN, Néandertaliens, Population d'origine européenne.
- histoire : Migration humaine, Population d'origine européenne.
- isolement et purification : ADN.
- Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Animaux, Couche de glace, Dynamique des populations, Effet fondateur, Europe, Facteurs temps, Femelle, Génétique des populations, Histoire ancienne, Humains, Moyen Orient, Mâle, Phylogénie, Sélection génétique, Évolution biologique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Biological Evolution, DNA (analysis), DNA (genetics), DNA (isolation & purification), Europe, European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics), European Continental Ancestry Group (history), Female, Founder Effect, Genetics, Population, History, Ancient, Human Migration (history), Humans, Ice Cover, Male, Middle East, Neanderthals (genetics), Phylogeny, Population Dynamics, Selection, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Time Factors.
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : DNA.
- chemical , genetics : DNA.
- chemical , isolation & purification : DNA.
- geographic : Europe, Middle East.
- genetics : European Continental Ancestry Group, Neanderthals.
- history : European Continental Ancestry Group, Human Migration.
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Female, Founder Effect, Genetics, Population, History, Ancient, Humans, Ice Cover, Male, Phylogeny, Population Dynamics, Selection, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Time Factors.
Abstract
Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. We analyze genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas the earliest modern humans in Europe did not contribute substantially to present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. A ~35,000 year old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe during the Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a new genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners appears in Europe. These results document how population turnover and migration have been recurring themes of European pre-history.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/nature17993
PubMed: 27135931
PubMed Central: 4943878
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Autriche, Belgique, Canada, Danemark, Espagne, France, Irlande (pays), Italie, Portugal, Roumanie, Russie, République populaire de Chine, République tchèque, États-Unis
- Aquitaine, Bade-Wurtemberg, Californie, District de Leipzig, District de Tübingen, Nouveau-Mexique, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Santander, Saxe (Land), Toscane, Vienne (Autriche), Île-de-France
- Bordeaux, Leipzig, Nanterre, Pise, Pékin, Santander, Tübingen, Ulm, Vienne (Autriche)
- Université de Bordeaux, Université de Cantabrie, Université de Pise
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Le document en format XML
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of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petr, Martin" sort="Petr, Martin" uniqKey="Petr M" first="Martin" last="Petr">Martin Petr</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" 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02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, Daniel" sort="Fernandes, Daniel" uniqKey="Fernandes D" first="Daniel" last="Fernandes">Daniel Fernandes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>3000-456 Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furtw Ngler, Anja" sort="Furtw Ngler, Anja" uniqKey="Furtw Ngler A" first="Anja" last="Furtw Ngler">Anja Furtw Ngler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA-5005 Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA-5005 Adelaide</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SA-5005 Adelaide</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Matthias" sort="Meyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Matthias" last="Meyer">Matthias Meyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittnik, Alissa" sort="Mittnik, Alissa" uniqKey="Mittnik A" first="Alissa" last="Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nickel, Birgit" sort="Nickel, Birgit" uniqKey="Nickel B" first="Birgit" last="Nickel">Birgit Nickel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peltzer, Alexander" sort="Peltzer, Alexander" uniqKey="Peltzer A" first="Alexander" last="Peltzer">Alexander Peltzer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slon, Viviane" sort="Slon, Viviane" uniqKey="Slon V" first="Viviane" last="Slon">Viviane Slon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talamo, Sahra" sort="Talamo, Sahra" uniqKey="Talamo S" first="Sahra" last="Talamo">Sahra Talamo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Iosif" sort="Lazaridis, Iosif" uniqKey="Lazaridis I" first="Iosif" last="Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipson, Mark" sort="Lipson, Mark" uniqKey="Lipson M" first="Mark" last="Lipson">Mark Lipson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathieson, Iain" sort="Mathieson, Iain" uniqKey="Mathieson I" first="Iain" last="Mathieson">Iain Mathieson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schiffels, Stephan" sort="Schiffels, Stephan" uniqKey="Schiffels S" first="Stephan" last="Schiffels">Stephan Schiffels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skoglund, Pontus" sort="Skoglund, Pontus" uniqKey="Skoglund P" first="Pontus" last="Skoglund">Pontus Skoglund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derevianko, Anatoly P" sort="Derevianko, Anatoly P" uniqKey="Derevianko A" first="Anatoly P." last="Derevianko">Anatoly P. Derevianko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Altai State University, Barnaul, RU-656049, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Altai State University, Barnaul, RU-656049</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-656049</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drozdov, Nikolai" sort="Drozdov, Nikolai" uniqKey="Drozdov N" first="Nikolai" last="Drozdov">Nikolai Drozdov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slavinsky, Vyacheslav" sort="Slavinsky, Vyacheslav" uniqKey="Slavinsky V" first="Vyacheslav" last="Slavinsky">Vyacheslav Slavinsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsybankov, Alexander" sort="Tsybankov, Alexander" uniqKey="Tsybankov A" first="Alexander" last="Tsybankov">Alexander Tsybankov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni" sort="Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni" uniqKey="Cremonesi R" first="Renata Grifoni" last="Cremonesi">Renata Grifoni Cremonesi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A14">Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pise</settlement><region nuts="2">Toscane</region><settlement type="city">Pise</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pise</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mallegni, Francesco" sort="Mallegni, Francesco" uniqKey="Mallegni F" first="Francesco" last="Mallegni">Francesco Mallegni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Biology, University of Pisa 56126 Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Pisa 56126 Pisa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Pisa 56126 Pisa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gely, Bernard" sort="Gely, Bernard" uniqKey="Gely B" first="Bernard" last="Gély">Bernard Gély</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Direction régionale des affaires culturelles Rhône-Alpes, 69283 Lyon cedex 01, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Direction régionale des affaires culturelles Rhône-Alpes, 69283 Lyon cedex 01</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69283 Lyon cedex 01</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>69283 Lyon cedex 01</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vacca, Eligio" sort="Vacca, Eligio" uniqKey="Vacca E" first="Eligio" last="Vacca">Eligio Vacca</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>70125 Bari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Morales, Manuel R" sort="Gonzalez Morales, Manuel R" uniqKey="Gonzalez Morales M" first="Manuel R." last="González Morales">Manuel R. González Morales</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cantabrie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santander</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Santander</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Straus, Lawrence G" sort="Straus, Lawrence G" uniqKey="Straus L" first="Lawrence G." last="Straus">Lawrence G. Straus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cantabrie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santander</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Santander</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Anthropology MSC01 1040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology MSC01 1040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neugebauer Maresch, Christine" sort="Neugebauer Maresch, Christine" uniqKey="Neugebauer Maresch C" first="Christine" last="Neugebauer-Maresch">Christine Neugebauer-Maresch</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A20">Quaternary Archaeology, Institute for Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1010 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Quaternary Archaeology, Institute for Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1010 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teschler Nicola, Maria" sort="Teschler Nicola, Maria" uniqKey="Teschler Nicola M" first="Maria" last="Teschler-Nicola">Maria Teschler-Nicola</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Constantin, Silviu" sort="Constantin, Silviu" uniqKey="Constantin S" first="Silviu" last="Constantin">Silviu Constantin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">“Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, 010986 Bucharest 12, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>“Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, 010986 Bucharest 12</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>010986 Bucharest 12</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moldovan, Oana Teodora" sort="Moldovan, Oana Teodora" uniqKey="Moldovan O" first="Oana Teodora" last="Moldovan">Oana Teodora Moldovan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">“Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, Cluj Branch, 400006 Cluj, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>“Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, Cluj Branch, 400006 Cluj</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400006 Cluj</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benazzi, Stefano" sort="Benazzi, Stefano" uniqKey="Benazzi S" first="Stefano" last="Benazzi">Stefano Benazzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>48121</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peresani, Marco" sort="Peresani, Marco" uniqKey="Peresani M" first="Marco" last="Peresani">Marco Peresani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44100 Ferrara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coppola, Donato" sort="Coppola, Donato" uniqKey="Coppola D" first="Donato" last="Coppola">Donato Coppola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>70125 Bari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Museo di “Civiltà preclassiche della Murgia meridionale”, 72017 Ostuni, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Museo di “Civiltà preclassiche della Murgia meridionale”, 72017 Ostuni</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>72017 Ostuni</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lari, Martina" sort="Lari, Martina" uniqKey="Lari M" first="Martina" last="Lari">Martina Lari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>50122 Florence</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricci, Stefano" sort="Ricci, Stefano" uniqKey="Ricci S" first="Stefano" last="Ricci">Stefano Ricci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53100 Siena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ronchitelli, Annamaria" sort="Ronchitelli, Annamaria" uniqKey="Ronchitelli A" first="Annamaria" last="Ronchitelli">Annamaria Ronchitelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53100 Siena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valentin, Frederique" sort="Valentin, Frederique" uniqKey="Valentin F" first="Frédérique" last="Valentin">Frédérique Valentin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">CNRS/ UMR 7041 ArScAn MAE, 92023 Nanterre, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS/ UMR 7041 ArScAn MAE, 92023 Nanterre</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>92023 Nanterre</wicri:noRegion><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thevenet, Corinne" sort="Thevenet, Corinne" uniqKey="Thevenet C" first="Corinne" last="Thevenet">Corinne Thevenet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A32">INRAP/ UMR 8215 Trajectoires 21, 92023 Nanterre, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRAP/ UMR 8215 Trajectoires 21, 92023 Nanterre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wehrberger, Kurt" sort="Wehrberger, Kurt" uniqKey="Wehrberger K" first="Kurt" last="Wehrberger">Kurt Wehrberger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A33">Ulmer Museum, 89073 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Ulmer Museum, 89073 Ulm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Ulm</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grigorescu, Dan" sort="Grigorescu, Dan" uniqKey="Grigorescu D" first="Dan" last="Grigorescu">Dan Grigorescu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Department of Geology, 01041 Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Department of Geology, 01041 Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>01041 Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rougier, Helene" sort="Rougier, Helene" uniqKey="Rougier H" first="Hélène" last="Rougier">Hélène Rougier</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8244, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8244</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crevecoeur, Isabelle" sort="Crevecoeur, Isabelle" uniqKey="Crevecoeur I" first="Isabelle" last="Crevecoeur">Isabelle Crevecoeur</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A36">Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5199-PACEA, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5199-PACEA, 33615 Pessac Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33615 Pessac Cedex</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flas, Damien" sort="Flas, Damien" uniqKey="Flas D" first="Damien" last="Flas">Damien Flas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">TRACES – UMR 5608, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>TRACES – UMR 5608, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Semal, Patrick" sort="Semal, Patrick" uniqKey="Semal P" first="Patrick" last="Semal">Patrick Semal</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A38">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mannino, Marcello A" sort="Mannino, Marcello A" uniqKey="Mannino M" first="Marcello A." last="Mannino">Marcello A. Mannino</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Archaeology, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, 8270 Højbjerg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>8270 Højbjerg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupillard, Christophe" sort="Cupillard, Christophe" uniqKey="Cupillard C" first="Christophe" last="Cupillard">Christophe Cupillard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Service Régional d’Archéologie de Franche-Comté, 25043 Besançon Cedex, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service Régional d’Archéologie de Franche-Comté, 25043 Besançon Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>25043 Besançon Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>25043 Besançon Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 du CNRS, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 du CNRS, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 25030 Besançon Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>25030 Besançon Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>25030 Besançon Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bocherens, Herve" sort="Bocherens, Herve" uniqKey="Bocherens H" first="Hervé" last="Bocherens">Hervé Bocherens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conard, Nicholas J" sort="Conard, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Conard N" first="Nicholas J." last="Conard">Nicholas J. Conard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harvati, Katerina" sort="Harvati, Katerina" uniqKey="Harvati K" first="Katerina" last="Harvati">Katerina Harvati</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A45">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Paleoanthropology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Paleoanthropology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moiseyev, Vyacheslav" sort="Moiseyev, Vyacheslav" uniqKey="Moiseyev V" first="Vyacheslav" last="Moiseyev">Vyacheslav Moiseyev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Saint Petersburg 34, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Saint Petersburg 34</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Saint Petersburg 34</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drucker, Dorothee G" sort="Drucker, Dorothee G" uniqKey="Drucker D" first="Dorothée G." last="Drucker">Dorothée G. Drucker</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Svoboda, Ji" sort="Svoboda, Ji" uniqKey="Svoboda J" first="Ji" last="Svoboda">Ji Svoboda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611 37 Brno</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">Institute of Archaeology at Brno, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 69129 Dolní Věstonice, Czech Republic</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology at Brno, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 69129 Dolní Věstonice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69129 Dolní Věstonice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Michael P" sort="Richards, Michael P" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Michael P." last="Richards">Michael P. Richards</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V6T 1Z1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caramelli, David" sort="Caramelli, David" uniqKey="Caramelli D" first="David" last="Caramelli">David Caramelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>50122 Florence</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinhasi, Ron" sort="Pinhasi, Ron" uniqKey="Pinhasi R" first="Ron" last="Pinhasi">Ron Pinhasi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelso, Janet" sort="Kelso, Janet" uniqKey="Kelso J" first="Janet" last="Kelso">Janet Kelso</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, Nick" sort="Patterson, Nick" uniqKey="Patterson N" first="Nick" last="Patterson">Nick Patterson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck 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Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27135931</idno><idno type="pmc">4943878</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943878</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4943878</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature17993</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D72</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D72</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002C22</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002C22</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000538</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000538</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001E00</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001E00</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001D76</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001D76</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">001D76</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">001D76</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003496</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003496</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">003496</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0028-0836:2016:Fu Q:the:genetic:history</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001573</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001578</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001578</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The genetic history of Ice Age Europe</title><author><name sortKey="Fu, Qiaomei" sort="Fu, Qiaomei" uniqKey="Fu Q" first="Qiaomei" last="Fu">Qiaomei Fu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100044, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing 100044</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Posth, Cosimo" sort="Posth, Cosimo" uniqKey="Posth C" first="Cosimo" last="Posth">Cosimo Posth</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hajdinjak, Mateja" sort="Hajdinjak, Mateja" uniqKey="Hajdinjak M" first="Mateja" last="Hajdinjak">Mateja Hajdinjak</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petr, Martin" sort="Petr, Martin" uniqKey="Petr M" first="Martin" last="Petr">Martin Petr</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, Daniel" sort="Fernandes, Daniel" uniqKey="Fernandes D" first="Daniel" last="Fernandes">Daniel Fernandes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>3000-456 Coimbra</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furtw Ngler, Anja" sort="Furtw Ngler, Anja" uniqKey="Furtw Ngler A" first="Anja" last="Furtw Ngler">Anja Furtw Ngler</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A10">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA-5005 Adelaide, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA-5005 Adelaide</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SA-5005 Adelaide</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Matthias" sort="Meyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Matthias" last="Meyer">Matthias Meyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mittnik, Alissa" sort="Mittnik, Alissa" uniqKey="Mittnik A" first="Alissa" last="Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nickel, Birgit" sort="Nickel, Birgit" uniqKey="Nickel B" first="Birgit" last="Nickel">Birgit Nickel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peltzer, Alexander" sort="Peltzer, Alexander" uniqKey="Peltzer A" first="Alexander" last="Peltzer">Alexander Peltzer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slon, Viviane" sort="Slon, Viviane" uniqKey="Slon V" first="Viviane" last="Slon">Viviane Slon</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talamo, Sahra" sort="Talamo, Sahra" uniqKey="Talamo S" first="Sahra" last="Talamo">Sahra Talamo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Iosif" sort="Lazaridis, Iosif" uniqKey="Lazaridis I" first="Iosif" last="Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lipson, Mark" sort="Lipson, Mark" uniqKey="Lipson M" first="Mark" last="Lipson">Mark Lipson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mathieson, Iain" sort="Mathieson, Iain" uniqKey="Mathieson I" first="Iain" last="Mathieson">Iain Mathieson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schiffels, Stephan" sort="Schiffels, Stephan" uniqKey="Schiffels S" first="Stephan" last="Schiffels">Stephan Schiffels</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skoglund, Pontus" sort="Skoglund, Pontus" uniqKey="Skoglund P" first="Pontus" last="Skoglund">Pontus Skoglund</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derevianko, Anatoly P" sort="Derevianko, Anatoly P" uniqKey="Derevianko A" first="Anatoly P." last="Derevianko">Anatoly P. Derevianko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A13">Altai State University, Barnaul, RU-656049, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Altai State University, Barnaul, RU-656049</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-656049</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drozdov, Nikolai" sort="Drozdov, Nikolai" uniqKey="Drozdov N" first="Nikolai" last="Drozdov">Nikolai Drozdov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slavinsky, Vyacheslav" sort="Slavinsky, Vyacheslav" uniqKey="Slavinsky V" first="Vyacheslav" last="Slavinsky">Vyacheslav Slavinsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tsybankov, Alexander" sort="Tsybankov, Alexander" uniqKey="Tsybankov A" first="Alexander" last="Tsybankov">Alexander Tsybankov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, 17 Novosibirsk, RU-630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>RU-630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni" sort="Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni" uniqKey="Cremonesi R" first="Renata Grifoni" last="Cremonesi">Renata Grifoni Cremonesi</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A14">Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Civiltà e Forme del Sapere, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pise</settlement><region nuts="2">Toscane</region><settlement type="city">Pise</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pise</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mallegni, Francesco" sort="Mallegni, Francesco" uniqKey="Mallegni F" first="Francesco" last="Mallegni">Francesco Mallegni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A15">Department of Biology, University of Pisa 56126 Pisa, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Pisa 56126 Pisa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University of Pisa 56126 Pisa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gely, Bernard" sort="Gely, Bernard" uniqKey="Gely B" first="Bernard" last="Gély">Bernard Gély</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16">Direction régionale des affaires culturelles Rhône-Alpes, 69283 Lyon cedex 01, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Direction régionale des affaires culturelles Rhône-Alpes, 69283 Lyon cedex 01</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69283 Lyon cedex 01</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>69283 Lyon cedex 01</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vacca, Eligio" sort="Vacca, Eligio" uniqKey="Vacca E" first="Eligio" last="Vacca">Eligio Vacca</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A17">Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>70125 Bari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Morales, Manuel R" sort="Gonzalez Morales, Manuel R" uniqKey="Gonzalez Morales M" first="Manuel R." last="González Morales">Manuel R. González Morales</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cantabrie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santander</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Santander</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Straus, Lawrence G" sort="Straus, Lawrence G" uniqKey="Straus L" first="Lawrence G." last="Straus">Lawrence G. Straus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A18">Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cantabrie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Santander</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Santander</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Anthropology MSC01 1040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology MSC01 1040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neugebauer Maresch, Christine" sort="Neugebauer Maresch, Christine" uniqKey="Neugebauer Maresch C" first="Christine" last="Neugebauer-Maresch">Christine Neugebauer-Maresch</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A20">Quaternary Archaeology, Institute for Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1010 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Quaternary Archaeology, Institute for Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1010 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teschler Nicola, Maria" sort="Teschler Nicola, Maria" uniqKey="Teschler Nicola M" first="Maria" last="Teschler-Nicola">Maria Teschler-Nicola</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A21">Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, 1010 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Constantin, Silviu" sort="Constantin, Silviu" uniqKey="Constantin S" first="Silviu" last="Constantin">Silviu Constantin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A23">“Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, 010986 Bucharest 12, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>“Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, 010986 Bucharest 12</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>010986 Bucharest 12</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moldovan, Oana Teodora" sort="Moldovan, Oana Teodora" uniqKey="Moldovan O" first="Oana Teodora" last="Moldovan">Oana Teodora Moldovan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">“Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, Cluj Branch, 400006 Cluj, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>“Emil Racovita” Institute of Speleology, Cluj Branch, 400006 Cluj</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>400006 Cluj</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Benazzi, Stefano" sort="Benazzi, Stefano" uniqKey="Benazzi S" first="Stefano" last="Benazzi">Stefano Benazzi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>48121</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peresani, Marco" sort="Peresani, Marco" uniqKey="Peresani M" first="Marco" last="Peresani">Marco Peresani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A26">Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Sezione di Scienze Preistoriche e Antropologiche, Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>44100 Ferrara</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coppola, Donato" sort="Coppola, Donato" uniqKey="Coppola D" first="Donato" last="Coppola">Donato Coppola</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A27">Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Università degli Studi di Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>70125 Bari</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Museo di “Civiltà preclassiche della Murgia meridionale”, 72017 Ostuni, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Museo di “Civiltà preclassiche della Murgia meridionale”, 72017 Ostuni</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>72017 Ostuni</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lari, Martina" sort="Lari, Martina" uniqKey="Lari M" first="Martina" last="Lari">Martina Lari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>50122 Florence</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricci, Stefano" sort="Ricci, Stefano" uniqKey="Ricci S" first="Stefano" last="Ricci">Stefano Ricci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53100 Siena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ronchitelli, Annamaria" sort="Ronchitelli, Annamaria" uniqKey="Ronchitelli A" first="Annamaria" last="Ronchitelli">Annamaria Ronchitelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell’Ambiente, U.R. Preistoria e Antropologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53100 Siena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valentin, Frederique" sort="Valentin, Frederique" uniqKey="Valentin F" first="Frédérique" last="Valentin">Frédérique Valentin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A31">CNRS/ UMR 7041 ArScAn MAE, 92023 Nanterre, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CNRS/ UMR 7041 ArScAn MAE, 92023 Nanterre</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>92023 Nanterre</wicri:noRegion><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thevenet, Corinne" sort="Thevenet, Corinne" uniqKey="Thevenet C" first="Corinne" last="Thevenet">Corinne Thevenet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A32">INRAP/ UMR 8215 Trajectoires 21, 92023 Nanterre, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRAP/ UMR 8215 Trajectoires 21, 92023 Nanterre</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wehrberger, Kurt" sort="Wehrberger, Kurt" uniqKey="Wehrberger K" first="Kurt" last="Wehrberger">Kurt Wehrberger</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A33">Ulmer Museum, 89073 Ulm, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Ulmer Museum, 89073 Ulm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Ulm</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grigorescu, Dan" sort="Grigorescu, Dan" uniqKey="Grigorescu D" first="Dan" last="Grigorescu">Dan Grigorescu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Department of Geology, 01041 Bucharest, Romania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, Department of Geology, 01041 Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>01041 Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rougier, Helene" sort="Rougier, Helene" uniqKey="Rougier H" first="Hélène" last="Rougier">Hélène Rougier</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8244, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA 91330-8244</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crevecoeur, Isabelle" sort="Crevecoeur, Isabelle" uniqKey="Crevecoeur I" first="Isabelle" last="Crevecoeur">Isabelle Crevecoeur</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A36">Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5199-PACEA, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5199-PACEA, 33615 Pessac Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>33615 Pessac Cedex</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Aquitaine</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flas, Damien" sort="Flas, Damien" uniqKey="Flas D" first="Damien" last="Flas">Damien Flas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">TRACES – UMR 5608, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>TRACES – UMR 5608, Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Semal, Patrick" sort="Semal, Patrick" uniqKey="Semal P" first="Patrick" last="Semal">Patrick Semal</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A38">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mannino, Marcello A" sort="Mannino, Marcello A" uniqKey="Mannino M" first="Marcello A." last="Mannino">Marcello A. Mannino</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Archaeology, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, 8270 Højbjerg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>8270 Højbjerg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cupillard, Christophe" sort="Cupillard, Christophe" uniqKey="Cupillard C" first="Christophe" last="Cupillard">Christophe Cupillard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Service Régional d’Archéologie de Franche-Comté, 25043 Besançon Cedex, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Service Régional d’Archéologie de Franche-Comté, 25043 Besançon Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>25043 Besançon Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>25043 Besançon Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A41">Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 du CNRS, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 du CNRS, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, 25030 Besançon Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>25030 Besançon Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>25030 Besançon Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bocherens, Herve" sort="Bocherens, Herve" uniqKey="Bocherens H" first="Hervé" last="Bocherens">Hervé Bocherens</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Conard, Nicholas J" sort="Conard, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Conard N" first="Nicholas J." last="Conard">Nicholas J. Conard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harvati, Katerina" sort="Harvati, Katerina" uniqKey="Harvati K" first="Katerina" last="Harvati">Katerina Harvati</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A45">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Paleoanthropology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Paleoanthropology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moiseyev, Vyacheslav" sort="Moiseyev, Vyacheslav" uniqKey="Moiseyev V" first="Vyacheslav" last="Moiseyev">Vyacheslav Moiseyev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Saint Petersburg 34, Russia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Saint Petersburg 34</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Saint Petersburg 34</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drucker, Dorothee G" sort="Drucker, Dorothee G" uniqKey="Drucker D" first="Dorothée G." last="Drucker">Dorothée G. Drucker</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Svoboda, Ji" sort="Svoboda, Ji" uniqKey="Svoboda J" first="Ji" last="Svoboda">Ji Svoboda</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>611 37 Brno</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A48">Institute of Archaeology at Brno, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 69129 Dolní Věstonice, Czech Republic</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Archaeology at Brno, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, 69129 Dolní Věstonice</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>69129 Dolní Věstonice</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, Michael P" sort="Richards, Michael P" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Michael P." last="Richards">Michael P. Richards</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>British Columbia V6T 1Z1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caramelli, David" sort="Caramelli, David" uniqKey="Caramelli D" first="David" last="Caramelli">David Caramelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, 50122 Florence</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>50122 Florence</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinhasi, Ron" sort="Pinhasi, Ron" uniqKey="Pinhasi R" first="Ron" last="Pinhasi">Ron Pinhasi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A8">School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 4</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kelso, Janet" sort="Kelso, Janet" uniqKey="Kelso J" first="Janet" last="Kelso">Janet Kelso</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patterson, Nick" sort="Patterson, Nick" uniqKey="Patterson N" first="Nick" last="Patterson">Nick Patterson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72070</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>07745 Jena</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A43">Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region><settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="P Bo, Svante" sort="P Bo, Svante" uniqKey="P Bo S" first="Svante" last="P Bo">Svante P Bo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge Massachusetts 02142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Massachusetts 02115</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biological Evolution</term><term>DNA (analysis)</term><term>DNA (genetics)</term><term>DNA (isolation & purification)</term><term>Europe</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (genetics)</term><term>European Continental Ancestry Group (history)</term><term>Female</term><term>Founder Effect</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Human Migration (history)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Ice Cover</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle East</term><term>Neanderthals (genetics)</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Population Dynamics</term><term>Selection, Genetic</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN (analyse)</term><term>ADN (génétique)</term><term>ADN (isolement et purification)</term><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Couche de glace</term><term>Dynamique des populations</term><term>Effet fondateur</term><term>Europe</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Génétique des populations</term><term>Histoire ancienne</term><term>Humains</term><term>Migration humaine (histoire)</term><term>Moyen Orient</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Néandertaliens (génétique)</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Population d'origine européenne (génétique)</term><term>Population d'origine européenne (histoire)</term><term>Sélection génétique</term><term>Évolution biologique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Europe</term><term>Middle East</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>Neanderthals</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN</term><term>Néandertaliens</term><term>Population d'origine européenne</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="histoire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Migration humaine</term><term>Population d'origine européenne</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en"><term>European Continental Ancestry Group</term><term>Human Migration</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biological Evolution</term><term>Female</term><term>Founder Effect</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Ice Cover</term><term>Male</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Population Dynamics</term><term>Selection, Genetic</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Couche de glace</term><term>Dynamique des populations</term><term>Effet fondateur</term><term>Europe</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Génétique des populations</term><term>Histoire ancienne</term><term>Humains</term><term>Moyen Orient</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Sélection génétique</term><term>Évolution biologique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. We analyze genome-wide data from 51 Eurasians from ~45,000-7,000 years ago. Over this time, the proportion of Neanderthal DNA decreased from 3–6% to around 2%, consistent with natural selection against Neanderthal variants in modern humans. Whereas the earliest modern humans in Europe did not contribute substantially to present-day Europeans, all individuals between ~37,000 and ~14,000 years ago descended from a single founder population which forms part of the ancestry of present-day Europeans. A ~35,000 year old individual from northwest Europe represents an early branch of this founder population which was then displaced across a broad region, before reappearing in southwest Europe during the Ice Age ~19,000 years ago. During the major warming period after ~14,000 years ago, a new genetic component related to present-day Near Easterners appears in Europe. 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(Autriche)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Bordeaux</li><li>Université de Cantabrie</li><li>Université de Pise</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fu, Qiaomei" sort="Fu, Qiaomei" uniqKey="Fu Q" first="Qiaomei" last="Fu">Qiaomei Fu</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fu, Qiaomei" sort="Fu, Qiaomei" uniqKey="Fu Q" first="Qiaomei" last="Fu">Qiaomei Fu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Lazaridis, Iosif" sort="Lazaridis, Iosif" uniqKey="Lazaridis I" first="Iosif" last="Lazaridis">Iosif Lazaridis</name><name sortKey="Lipson, Mark" sort="Lipson, Mark" uniqKey="Lipson M" first="Mark" last="Lipson">Mark Lipson</name><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><name sortKey="Mallick, Swapan" sort="Mallick, Swapan" uniqKey="Mallick S" first="Swapan" last="Mallick">Swapan Mallick</name><name sortKey="Mathieson, Iain" sort="Mathieson, Iain" uniqKey="Mathieson I" first="Iain" last="Mathieson">Iain Mathieson</name><name sortKey="Patterson, Nick" sort="Patterson, Nick" uniqKey="Patterson N" first="Nick" last="Patterson">Nick Patterson</name><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><name sortKey="Reich, David" sort="Reich, David" uniqKey="Reich D" first="David" last="Reich">David Reich</name><name sortKey="Rohland, Nadin" sort="Rohland, Nadin" uniqKey="Rohland N" first="Nadin" last="Rohland">Nadin Rohland</name><name sortKey="Rougier, Helene" sort="Rougier, Helene" uniqKey="Rougier H" first="Hélène" last="Rougier">Hélène Rougier</name><name sortKey="Skoglund, Pontus" 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Straus</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Saxe (Land)"><name sortKey="Fu, Qiaomei" sort="Fu, Qiaomei" uniqKey="Fu Q" first="Qiaomei" last="Fu">Qiaomei Fu</name></region><name sortKey="Benazzi, Stefano" sort="Benazzi, Stefano" uniqKey="Benazzi S" first="Stefano" last="Benazzi">Stefano Benazzi</name><name sortKey="Bocherens, Herve" sort="Bocherens, Herve" uniqKey="Bocherens H" first="Hervé" last="Bocherens">Hervé Bocherens</name><name sortKey="Bocherens, Herve" sort="Bocherens, Herve" uniqKey="Bocherens H" first="Hervé" last="Bocherens">Hervé Bocherens</name><name sortKey="Conard, Nicholas J" sort="Conard, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Conard N" first="Nicholas J." last="Conard">Nicholas J. Conard</name><name sortKey="Conard, Nicholas J" sort="Conard, Nicholas J" uniqKey="Conard N" first="Nicholas J." last="Conard">Nicholas J. Conard</name><name sortKey="Drucker, Dorothee G" sort="Drucker, Dorothee G" uniqKey="Drucker D" first="Dorothée G." last="Drucker">Dorothée G. Drucker</name><name sortKey="Furtw Ngler, Anja" sort="Furtw Ngler, Anja" uniqKey="Furtw Ngler A" first="Anja" last="Furtw Ngler">Anja Furtw Ngler</name><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name><name sortKey="Hajdinjak, Mateja" sort="Hajdinjak, Mateja" uniqKey="Hajdinjak M" first="Mateja" last="Hajdinjak">Mateja Hajdinjak</name><name sortKey="Harvati, Katerina" sort="Harvati, Katerina" uniqKey="Harvati K" first="Katerina" last="Harvati">Katerina Harvati</name><name sortKey="Harvati, Katerina" sort="Harvati, Katerina" uniqKey="Harvati K" first="Katerina" last="Harvati">Katerina Harvati</name><name sortKey="Kelso, Janet" sort="Kelso, Janet" uniqKey="Kelso J" first="Janet" last="Kelso">Janet Kelso</name><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><name sortKey="Krause, Johannes" sort="Krause, Johannes" uniqKey="Krause J" first="Johannes" last="Krause">Johannes Krause</name><name sortKey="Mannino, Marcello A" sort="Mannino, Marcello A" uniqKey="Mannino M" first="Marcello A." last="Mannino">Marcello A. Mannino</name><name sortKey="Meyer, Matthias" sort="Meyer, Matthias" uniqKey="Meyer M" first="Matthias" last="Meyer">Matthias Meyer</name><name sortKey="Mittnik, Alissa" sort="Mittnik, Alissa" uniqKey="Mittnik A" first="Alissa" last="Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</name><name sortKey="Mittnik, Alissa" sort="Mittnik, Alissa" uniqKey="Mittnik A" first="Alissa" last="Mittnik">Alissa Mittnik</name><name sortKey="Nickel, Birgit" sort="Nickel, Birgit" uniqKey="Nickel B" first="Birgit" last="Nickel">Birgit Nickel</name><name sortKey="P Bo, Svante" sort="P Bo, Svante" uniqKey="P Bo S" first="Svante" last="P Bo">Svante P Bo</name><name sortKey="Peltzer, Alexander" sort="Peltzer, Alexander" uniqKey="Peltzer A" first="Alexander" last="Peltzer">Alexander Peltzer</name><name sortKey="Petr, Martin" sort="Petr, Martin" uniqKey="Petr M" first="Martin" last="Petr">Martin Petr</name><name sortKey="Posth, Cosimo" sort="Posth, Cosimo" uniqKey="Posth C" first="Cosimo" last="Posth">Cosimo Posth</name><name sortKey="Posth, Cosimo" sort="Posth, Cosimo" uniqKey="Posth C" first="Cosimo" last="Posth">Cosimo Posth</name><name sortKey="Richards, Michael P" sort="Richards, Michael P" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Michael P." last="Richards">Michael P. Richards</name><name sortKey="Schiffels, Stephan" sort="Schiffels, Stephan" uniqKey="Schiffels S" first="Stephan" last="Schiffels">Stephan Schiffels</name><name sortKey="Slon, Viviane" sort="Slon, Viviane" uniqKey="Slon V" first="Viviane" last="Slon">Viviane Slon</name><name sortKey="Talamo, Sahra" sort="Talamo, Sahra" uniqKey="Talamo S" first="Sahra" last="Talamo">Sahra Talamo</name><name sortKey="Wehrberger, Kurt" sort="Wehrberger, Kurt" uniqKey="Wehrberger K" first="Kurt" last="Wehrberger">Kurt Wehrberger</name></country><country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fernandes, Daniel" sort="Fernandes, Daniel" uniqKey="Fernandes D" first="Daniel" last="Fernandes">Daniel Fernandes</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Pinhasi, Ron" sort="Pinhasi, Ron" uniqKey="Pinhasi R" first="Ron" last="Pinhasi">Ron Pinhasi</name></country><country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fernandes, Daniel" sort="Fernandes, Daniel" uniqKey="Fernandes D" first="Daniel" last="Fernandes">Daniel Fernandes</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Haak, Wolfgang" sort="Haak, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Haak W" first="Wolfgang" last="Haak">Wolfgang Haak</name></noRegion></country><country name="Russie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Derevianko, Anatoly P" sort="Derevianko, Anatoly P" uniqKey="Derevianko A" first="Anatoly P." last="Derevianko">Anatoly P. Derevianko</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Derevianko, Anatoly P" sort="Derevianko, Anatoly P" uniqKey="Derevianko A" first="Anatoly P." last="Derevianko">Anatoly P. Derevianko</name><name sortKey="Drozdov, Nikolai" sort="Drozdov, Nikolai" uniqKey="Drozdov N" first="Nikolai" last="Drozdov">Nikolai Drozdov</name><name sortKey="Moiseyev, Vyacheslav" sort="Moiseyev, Vyacheslav" uniqKey="Moiseyev V" first="Vyacheslav" last="Moiseyev">Vyacheslav Moiseyev</name><name sortKey="Slavinsky, Vyacheslav" sort="Slavinsky, Vyacheslav" uniqKey="Slavinsky V" first="Vyacheslav" last="Slavinsky">Vyacheslav Slavinsky</name><name sortKey="Tsybankov, Alexander" sort="Tsybankov, Alexander" uniqKey="Tsybankov A" first="Alexander" last="Tsybankov">Alexander Tsybankov</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Toscane"><name sortKey="Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni" sort="Cremonesi, Renata Grifoni" uniqKey="Cremonesi R" first="Renata Grifoni" last="Cremonesi">Renata Grifoni Cremonesi</name></region><name sortKey="Benazzi, Stefano" sort="Benazzi, Stefano" uniqKey="Benazzi S" first="Stefano" last="Benazzi">Stefano Benazzi</name><name sortKey="Caramelli, David" sort="Caramelli, David" uniqKey="Caramelli D" first="David" last="Caramelli">David Caramelli</name><name sortKey="Coppola, Donato" sort="Coppola, Donato" uniqKey="Coppola D" first="Donato" last="Coppola">Donato Coppola</name><name sortKey="Coppola, Donato" sort="Coppola, Donato" uniqKey="Coppola D" first="Donato" last="Coppola">Donato Coppola</name><name sortKey="Lari, Martina" sort="Lari, Martina" uniqKey="Lari M" first="Martina" last="Lari">Martina Lari</name><name sortKey="Mallegni, Francesco" sort="Mallegni, Francesco" uniqKey="Mallegni F" first="Francesco" last="Mallegni">Francesco Mallegni</name><name sortKey="Peresani, Marco" sort="Peresani, Marco" uniqKey="Peresani M" first="Marco" last="Peresani">Marco Peresani</name><name sortKey="Ricci, Stefano" sort="Ricci, Stefano" uniqKey="Ricci S" first="Stefano" last="Ricci">Stefano Ricci</name><name sortKey="Ronchitelli, Annamaria" sort="Ronchitelli, Annamaria" uniqKey="Ronchitelli A" first="Annamaria" last="Ronchitelli">Annamaria Ronchitelli</name><name sortKey="Vacca, Eligio" sort="Vacca, Eligio" uniqKey="Vacca E" first="Eligio" last="Vacca">Eligio Vacca</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gely, Bernard" sort="Gely, Bernard" uniqKey="Gely B" first="Bernard" last="Gély">Bernard Gély</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Crevecoeur, Isabelle" sort="Crevecoeur, Isabelle" uniqKey="Crevecoeur I" first="Isabelle" last="Crevecoeur">Isabelle Crevecoeur</name><name sortKey="Cupillard, Christophe" sort="Cupillard, Christophe" uniqKey="Cupillard C" first="Christophe" last="Cupillard">Christophe Cupillard</name><name sortKey="Cupillard, Christophe" sort="Cupillard, Christophe" uniqKey="Cupillard C" first="Christophe" last="Cupillard">Christophe Cupillard</name><name sortKey="Flas, Damien" sort="Flas, Damien" uniqKey="Flas D" first="Damien" last="Flas">Damien Flas</name><name sortKey="Thevenet, Corinne" sort="Thevenet, Corinne" uniqKey="Thevenet C" first="Corinne" last="Thevenet">Corinne Thevenet</name><name sortKey="Valentin, Frederique" sort="Valentin, Frederique" uniqKey="Valentin F" first="Frédérique" last="Valentin">Frédérique Valentin</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Santander"><name sortKey="Gonzalez Morales, Manuel R" sort="Gonzalez Morales, Manuel R" uniqKey="Gonzalez Morales M" first="Manuel R." last="González Morales">Manuel R. González Morales</name></region><name sortKey="Straus, Lawrence G" sort="Straus, Lawrence G" uniqKey="Straus L" first="Lawrence G." last="Straus">Lawrence G. Straus</name></country><country name="Autriche"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Neugebauer Maresch, Christine" sort="Neugebauer Maresch, Christine" uniqKey="Neugebauer Maresch C" first="Christine" last="Neugebauer-Maresch">Christine Neugebauer-Maresch</name></region><name sortKey="Teschler Nicola, Maria" sort="Teschler Nicola, Maria" uniqKey="Teschler Nicola M" first="Maria" last="Teschler-Nicola">Maria Teschler-Nicola</name><name sortKey="Teschler Nicola, Maria" sort="Teschler Nicola, Maria" uniqKey="Teschler Nicola M" first="Maria" last="Teschler-Nicola">Maria Teschler-Nicola</name></country><country name="Roumanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Constantin, Silviu" sort="Constantin, Silviu" uniqKey="Constantin S" first="Silviu" last="Constantin">Silviu Constantin</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Grigorescu, Dan" sort="Grigorescu, Dan" uniqKey="Grigorescu D" first="Dan" last="Grigorescu">Dan Grigorescu</name><name sortKey="Moldovan, Oana Teodora" sort="Moldovan, Oana Teodora" uniqKey="Moldovan O" first="Oana Teodora" last="Moldovan">Oana Teodora Moldovan</name></country><country name="Belgique"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Semal, Patrick" sort="Semal, Patrick" uniqKey="Semal P" first="Patrick" last="Semal">Patrick Semal</name></region></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mannino, Marcello A" sort="Mannino, Marcello A" uniqKey="Mannino M" first="Marcello A." last="Mannino">Marcello A. Mannino</name></noRegion></country><country name="République tchèque"><noRegion><name sortKey="Svoboda, Ji" sort="Svoboda, Ji" uniqKey="Svoboda J" first="Ji" last="Svoboda">Ji Svoboda</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Svoboda, Ji" sort="Svoboda, Ji" uniqKey="Svoboda J" first="Ji" last="Svoboda">Ji Svoboda</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Richards, Michael P" sort="Richards, Michael P" uniqKey="Richards M" first="Michael P." last="Richards">Michael P. Richards</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= The genetic history of Ice Age Europe
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